![]() In contrast, prokaryotic cells generally lack membrane-bound organelles however, they often contain inclusions that compartmentalize their cytoplasm. The comparatively larger size of eukaryotic cells dictates the need to compartmentalize various chemical processes within different areas of the cell, using complex membrane-bound organelles. Although there are some exceptions, eukaryotic cells tend to be larger than prokaryotic cells. Some of the structures found in prokaryotic cells are similar to those found in some eukaryotic cells others are unique to prokaryotes. ![]() The structures inside a cell are analogous to the organs inside a human body, with unique structures suited to specific functions. Prokaryotic microorganisms are classified within the domains Archaea and Bacteria, whereas eukaryotic organisms are classified within the domain Eukarya. Some microorganisms are composed of prokaryotic cells, whereas others are composed of eukaryotic cells. 16Īll plant cells and animal cells are eukaryotic. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus surrounded by a complex nuclear membrane that contains multiple, rod-shaped chromosomes. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus surrounded by a complex nuclear membrane and generally have a single, circular chromosome located in a nucleoid. The two largest categories of cells- prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells-are defined by major differences in several cell structures. These include cytoplasm (a gel-like substance composed of water and dissolved chemicals needed for growth), which is contained within a plasma membrane (also called a cell membrane or cytoplasmic membrane) one or more chromosomes, which contain the genetic blueprints of the cell and ribosomes, organelles used for the production of proteins.īeyond these basic components, cells can vary greatly between organisms, and even within the same multicellular organism. At the simplest level of construction, all cells possess a few fundamental components. However, cells vary significantly in size, shape, structure, and function.
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